River Krishna

River Krishna is 1,400 km long and flows through Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh. It has Table -1

Criteria for designated best use

Class A B C D E

Criterion
DO [mg/l] minimum		 6 5 4 4 -

BOD [mg/l] maximum		 2 3 3 - -

BOD [mg/l] maximum		 2 3 3 - -

Total coliform count		 -50 500/td> 5000 - -

PH		 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 6-9 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5

Free ammonia [mg/l] maximum		 - - - - 1.2

Conductivity (micro mho/cm)maximum		 - - - - 2.250

Sodium absorption ration maximum		 - - - - 26

Baron (mg/l) maximum		 - - - - 2 


Note : DO : dissolved oxygen  BOD : biochemical oxygen demand
PH : Measure of the acidity or alkalinity of water. Lower values indicate acidity, higher values alakalinity. Neutral water is pH 7. 


MPN : most probable number   mg/l: milligramme per litre
ml:millilitre  mho: unit of conductivity  cm:centimetre
Source: IWACO 1996, Risk assessment of the Yamuna river.

A catchment area of 26 mha, of which 31.8% is in A.P. Bhima, Tungabhadra, Musi, Palair, Munneru are the main tributaries.

With an annual consumption of 7,491 tonnes of pesticides in the basin, agicultural run off adds 120mg/I of nitrogen, 26 mg/l phosphorous, and 31mg/l potassium to the rivers. The total domestic pollution loads in Krishna basin is 1,433,084 kg/day. Of the total BOD load generated, A.P. accounts for 40.6%. Urban BOD load is 707.82 tonnes per day of which domestic is 77.6% and industrial is 22.4%.

The load of industrial waste is quite high in the river with several industrial units along its stretch. In our state, one such iron and steel unit discharges 22,866 cum of treated effluents per day into the river. The major industrial loads come from the industrial complex at Ranga Reddy and distilleries in Vijayawada on the bank of river Krishna.

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