Green Planner
Cities and metropolis are densely populated. Besides, movement of vehicles (automobiles) is also high being the most popular mode of transport. The most common problem is air, dust and noise pollution. Plants with their canopy minimize these pollutions by filtering dust and absorption of gaseous pollutants. Once the plants are established, they need little care and attention. The “GREEN PLANNER” is to provide information to Town Planners, Policy makers and other stakeholders regarding the plants suitable for landscaping. In first instance, the “Green Planner” introduces the plants suitable for roadside, divider and in the greenbelts.
Roadside Plantation: Proper planning, right selection of tree species and their placement are the factors for successful avenue plantation. Planting Design keeping in mind colour scheme, height, foliage, flowering season helps to create strong effects. Planting in single rows, double rows and multiple rows is recommended depending upon the availability of space. Proper avenue plantation helps in minimizing dust load, gaseous pollutants besides reducing sound pollution of urban area.
Greenbelt Plantation: Greenbelt is the mass plantation of pollution tolerant trees (evergreen & deciduous) in an area for the purpose (industries) for minimizing air pollution by filtering, intercepting and absorbing pollutants in an effective manner for the improvement of environment.
Divider Plantation: As the dividers of the roads are subjected to automobile exhaust of high intensity, plant species selected for planting must be tolerant to dust and automobile fumes.
Climatic conditions have also to be taken into account while selecting plant. State wise data on Roadside, Green belt, and Divider plantation is as follows...
Andaman & Nicobar
|
Climatic Conditions
|
Types & Name of Plants
|
Rain:
|
2,967 mm
|
Roadside
|
Albizia lebbeck, Pterocarpus indicus, Elaeocarpus reticulatus,Oroxylum indicum
|
Humidity:
|
79%
|
Dividers
|
Actephila excelsa, Fagraea racemosa, Clerodendrum inerme, Rhododendron cinnabarinum
|
Temp.(Min)/(Max)
|
23°C/30°C
|
Greenbelt
|
Terminalia bialata,Pterocymbium tinctorium,Tetrameles nudiflora, Gyrocarpus americanus,Terminalia catappa
|
Arunachal Pradesh
|
Climatic Conditions
|
Types & Name of Plants
|
Rain:
|
2,782 mm
|
Roadside
|
Castanopsis indica, Lepisanthes tetraphylla, Magnolia hodsonii, Prunus cerasoides
|
Humidity:
|
83%
|
Dividers
|
Vitex negundo, Mussanda roxburgnii, Melastonia malabathricum
|
Temp.(Min)/(Max)
|
15°C/36°C
|
Greenbelt
|
Terminalia bialata, Pterocymbium tinctorium, Tetrameles nudiflora, Gyrocarpus americanus,Terminalia catappa
|
Assam
|
Climatic Conditions
|
Types & Name of Plants
|
Rain:
|
2,818 mm
|
Roadside
|
Lagerstroemia speciosa, Magnolia hodgsonii, Oroxylum indicum, Salix tetrasperma
|
Humidity:
|
89%
|
Dividers
|
Hussaenda frondosa, Bougainvillea, Crataeva magna
|
Temp.(Min)/(Max)
|
6°C/38°C
|
Greenbelt
|
Horsfieldia kingii, Drimycarpus racemosus, Anthocephalus chinensis, Mesua ferrea
|
Bihar
|
Climatic Conditions
|
Types & Name of Plants
|
Rain:
|
1,186 mm
|
Roadside
|
Dalbergia Latifolia, Dalbergia sissoo,
Moringa oleifera,
|
Humidity:
|
63%
|
Dividers
|
Wrightia antidysenterica, Bahunia acuminata, Rhododendron ponticum
|
Temp.(Min)/(Max)
|
6°C/45°C
|
Greenbelt
|
Shorea robusta, Diospyros melanoxylon, Terminalia elliptica
|
Chandigarh
|
Climatic Conditions
|
Types & Name of Plants
|
Rain:
|
617 mm
|
Roadside
|
Aesculus indica, Alstonia scholoris, Elaeocarpus gonitrus, Lagerstromia speciosa
|
Humidity:
|
78%
|
Dividers
|
Plumeria alba, Vitex negundo, Murraya koenigii
|
Temp.(Min)/(Max)
|
7°C/46°C
|
Greenbelt
|
Adina cordifolia, Kigelia pinnata, Terminalia bellerica
|
Delhi
|
Climatic Conditions
|
Types & Name of Plants
|
Rain:
|
617 mm
|
Roadside
|
Anogeissus pendula, Diospyros cordifolia, Flacourtia indica, Salvadora persica, Anogeissus latifolia
|
Humidity:
|
72%
|
Dividers
|
Callistemon viminalis, Bauhinia variegata
|
Temp.(Min)/(Max)
|
11°C/46°C
|
Greenbelt
|
Neolamarckia cadamba, Mimusops elengi, Ficus virens, Ficus benghalensis
|
Gujarat
|
Climatic Conditions
|
Types & Name of Plants
|
Rain:
|
1,107 mm
|
Roadside
|
Acacia auriculiformis, Acacia ferrginea, Borassus flabellifer
|
Humidity:
|
67%
|
Dividers
|
Biota orientalis, Bixa orellana, Cycas circinalis
|
Temp.(Min)/(Max)
|
10°C/42°C
|
Greenbelt
|
Bridelia retusa, Bahinia purpurea, Cassia siamea, Couroupita guianensis
|
Goa
|
Climatic Conditions
|
Types & Name of Plants
|
Rain:
|
3,005 mm
|
Roadside
|
Sterculia foetida, Tectona grandis, Thespesia
|
Humidity:
|
71%
|
Dividers
|
Vitex negundo
|
Temp.(Min)/(Max)
|
19°C/34°C
|
Greenbelt
|
Dalbergia latifolia
|
Meghalaya
|
Climatic Conditions
|
Types & Name of Plants
|
Rain:
|
2,818 mm
|
Roadside
|
Taxus baccata, Elaeaeocarpus floribundus, Camellia sinensis
|
Humidity:
|
63%
|
Dividers
|
Rhododendron arboreum, Eurya japonica, Hanonia
|
Temp.(Min)/(Max)
|
4°C/28°C
|
Greenbelt
|
Pinus kesiya, Podocrapus neriifolius, Cyathea gigantea
|
Manipur
|
Climatic Conditions
|
Types & Name of Plants
|
Rain:
|
1,881 mm
|
Roadside
|
Trachycarpus ukhrulensis, Prunsus cerasoides, Engelhardtia spicata, Caryota obtusa,
|
Humidity:
|
75%
|
Dividers
|
Brassaiopsis hainla, Luculia gratissima
|
Temp.(Min)/(Max)
|
2°C/33°C
|
Greenbelt
|
Lithocarpus pachyphyllus, Magnolia campbellii, Cornus species
|
Mizoram
|
Climatic Conditions
|
Types & Name of Plants
|
Rain:
|
1,881 mm
|
Roadside
|
Lagerstroemia speciosa, Elaeis guineensis, Podocarpus nerifolius, Schima wallichii chois, Quercus acutissima
|
Humidity:
|
76%
|
Dividers
|
Strobilanthus maculata, Ceropegia lauwii
|
Temp.(Min)/(Max)
|
10°C/35°C
|
Greenbelt
|
Fiscus elastica, Melia azaderach, Albizia procera, Tectona grandis
|
Maharastra
|
Climatic Conditions
|
Types & Name of Plants
|
Rain:
|
1,456 mm
|
Roadside
|
Pterocarpus marsupium, Emblica offinalis, Haldina cordifolia, Borassus flabellifer, Peltophorum pterocarpum
|
Humidity:
|
75%
|
Dividers
|
Annona muricata, Santalum album, Brassia actinophylla, Tecoma stans
|
Temp.(Min)/(Max)
|
22°C/33°C
|
Greenbelt
|
Tremorientalis, Lannea coromandelia, Ficus racemosa, Pterospermum acerifolium
|
Madhya Pradesh
|
Climatic Conditions
|
Types & Name of Plants
|
Rain:
|
1,456 mm
|
Roadside
|
Gmelina arborea, Prosopis eineraria, Spondias mangifera |
Humidity:
|
75%
|
Dividers
|
Gmelina arborea, Phanera purpurea, Senna auriculata, Stropilanthes callosus
|
Temp.(Min)/(Max)
|
22°C/33°C
|
Greenbelt
|
Diospyros melanoxylon, Terminalia belerica, Terminalia chebula, Terminalia elliptica
|
Nagaland
|
Climatic Conditions
|
Types & Name of Plants
|
Rain:
|
1,456 mm
|
Roadside
|
Melia azedarach, Stereospermum chelonoides, Mangolia champaca |
Humidity:
|
75%
|
Dividers
|
Schima wallichii, Callistemon viminalis, Melia azedarach, Bergera koenigii
|
Temp.(Min)/(Max)
|
22°C/33°C
|
Greenbelt
|
Artocarpus chaplasha, Terminalia dulcis, Acroearpus flascinifolius
|
Orissa
|
Climatic Conditions
|
Types & Name of Plants
|
Rain:
|
1,456 mm
|
Roadside
|
Eugenia jambolana, Shorea robusat, Pterocar marsupium, Bauhinia vahlii |
Humidity:
|
75%
|
Dividers
|
Lagerstroemia, Aeacia pennata
|
Temp.(Min)/(Max)
|
22°C/33°C
|
Greenbelt
|
Terminalia tomentosa, Buchanania lanzan, Bombax ceiba
|
Punjab
|
Climatic Conditions
|
Types & Name of Plants
|
Rain:
|
1,456 mm
|
Roadside
|
Eugenia jambolana, Mangifera indica, Albizzia lebbek, Acacia farnesiana, Prosopis spicigera, Butea frondosa |
Humidity:
|
75%
|
Dividers
|
Datura fastuosa, Ricinus communis, Calatropis procera
|
Temp.(Min)/(Max)
|
22°C/33°C
|
Greenbelt
|
Dalbergia sissoo, Acacia arabica, Fiscus bengalensis
|
Pondicherry
|
Climatic Conditions
|
Types & Name of Plants
|
Rain:
|
998 mm
|
Roadside
|
Borassus flabellifer, Phoenix sylvestris, Millingtonia hortensis, Albizzia lebbeck, Polyalthia longifolia
|
Humidity:
|
69%
|
Dividers
|
Bouganvillea, Lpomea carnea, Cassia fistula, Hibiscus rosa
|
Temp.(Min)/(Max)
|
20°C/35°C
|
Greenbelt
|
Berrya cordifolia, Ceiba pentandra
|
Rajasthan
|
Climatic Conditions
|
Types & Name of Plants
|
Rain:
|
494 mm
|
Roadside
|
Phoenix sylvestris, Tecomella undulata, Acacia nilotica
|
Humidity:
|
60%
|
Dividers
|
Crotolaria burhia, Prospis cineraria, Leptadenia pyrotechnica
|
Temp.(Min)/(Max)
|
18°C/48°C
|
Greenbelt
|
Zizypus nummularia, Dendrocalamus strictus, Balanites aegyptiaca
|
Sikkim
|
Climatic Conditions
|
Types & Name of Plants
|
Rain:
|
2,739 mm
|
Roadside
|
Abies webbiana, Acer laevigatum, Acer oblongum, Acrocarpus flaxinifolius
|
Humidity:
|
63%
|
Dividers
|
Rhododendron tsutsuji, Camellia japonica, Spathodea campanulata, Hibiscusrosa sinensis
|
Temp.(Min)/(Max)
|
15°C/30°C
|
Greenbelt
|
Alnus nepalensis, Alostonia scholaris, Artocarpus lakooeha, Betula alnoidesi
|
Tripura
|
Climatic Conditions
|
Types & Name of Plants
|
Rain:
|
1,881 mm
|
Roadside
|
Mesuaferrea, Perea villosa, Schima wallichii |
Humidity:
|
68%
|
Dividers
|
Lagerstroemia indica, Bauhinia variegata, Caesalpinia pulcherrima
|
Temp.(Min)/(Max)
|
10°C/35°C
|
Greenbelt
|
Meliosma simplicifolia, Syzygium cumini, Artocarpus altilis
|
Tamil Nadu
|
Climatic Conditions
|
Types & Name of Plants
|
Rain:
|
998 mm
|
Roadside
|
Phyllanthus embalica, Casuarina equisetifolia, Millingtonia hortensis
|
Humidity:
|
65%
|
Dividers
|
Carissa spinarum, Canthium dicoccum, Cassia siamea
|
Temp.(Min)/(Max)
|
18°C/40°C
|
Greenbelt
|
Manilkara hexandra, Mimusops elengi, Diospyros ebenum
|
Uttarakhand
|
Climatic Conditions
|
Types & Name of Plants
|
Rain:
|
1,553 mm
|
Roadside
|
Mallotus philippensis, Phanera variegata, Dalbergia sissoo
|
Humidity:
|
64%
|
Dividers
|
Callicarpa arborea, Trachycarpus takil, Pinus wallichiana, woodfordia fructicosa
|
Temp.(Min)/(Max)
|
1°C/40°C
|
Greenbelt
|
Mitragyna parvifolia, Myrica esculenta, Lyonia ovalifolia
|
Uttar Pradesh
|
Climatic Conditions
|
Types & Name of Plants
|
Rain:
|
1,025 mm
|
Roadside
|
Delbergia sisso, Butea monosperma, Tectona grandis, Saraca asoca
|
Humidity:
|
67%
|
Dividers
|
Nyctanthes arbortristis, Bougainvillea species, Magnolia champaca, Hibiscus rosasinensis
|
Temp.(Min)/(Max)
|
23°C/48°C
|
Greenbelt
|
Eucalyptus, Quercus species, Shorea robusta, Haldina cordifolia
|
West Bengal
|
Climatic Conditions
|
Types & Name of Plants
|
Rain:
|
2,089 mm
|
Roadside
|
Lagerstroemia speciosa, Bombax ceiba, Senegalia catechu
|
Humidity:
|
65%
|
Dividers
|
Bougainvillea, Mussaenda, Hibiscus rosa sinensis, Inula
|
Temp.(Min)/(Max)
|
7°C/40°C
|
Greenbelt
|
Dalbergia sisoo, Shorea robusta, Terminalia arjuna
|
References
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CPWD 2013. A Handbook of Landscape – A guide. Falcon Graphics, Delhi.
Singh V. 2013. Road development and management with reference to pollution Int J. Of Geology, Earth and Env. Sci. 3:23-28.
Jasrai YT and Sisodia PS (2005). Role of vegetation in making cities better liven up. Urban Pollution Issues and Solutions 167.
Kulshrestha K, Rai A, Mohanty CS, Roy RK and Sharma SC (2009). Particulate Pollution Mitigating Ability of Some Plant Species. International Journal of Environmental Research 3 137-142.
Varshnay CK and Mitra I (1993). Importance of hedges in improving urban air quality. Landscape and Urban Planning 25 75-83.
Ahmad, K.J., Yunus, Mohd., Singh, S.N., Srivastave, Kanti, Singh, N., Pandey, V. and Mishra, J. 1991. Air Pollution and plants. CSIR News (8): 170-174.
Boralkar 1994. Suggested guidelines for greenbelts in industrial area. Encology 9(7): 21-22.
Haq, S.M.A. 2011. Urban green spaces and an integrative approach to sustainable environment. Journal of Environmental Protection, 2(5): 601-608.
Nayar, M.P. 1985. Tree Canopies. Air pollution and plants . A state of the art report. Ministry of Environment & Forests, New Delhi.
Pokhriyal, T.C. and Nautiyal, S. 1991. Greenbelts vis-a-vis environmental pollution. Indian Forester 117(6): 468-475.
Roy, R.K. and Sharma S.C. 1997. Greenbelt for minimizing industrial and urban pollution. Encology 11 (9): 8-12.
Sharma, S.C and Roy, R.K. 1997. Greenbelt - An effective means of mitigating industrial pollution. Ind. J. Environ. Prot. 17 (10): 724 -727.
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Date of News:
02-Feb-2016